COPD is a long-term lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It’s mostly caused by smoking, including passive smoking. The main treatment for COPD is to stop smoking, along with inhalers, which are often used to help with symptoms. Other treatments such as steroids, antibiotics, oxygen, and mucus-thinning medicines may be used in severe cases or during flare-ups.

There are two types of COPD which includes:

Emphysema: Damage to the air sacs in the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. We need oxygen in every part of the body to function
Chronic Bronchitis: Long-term inflammation of the airways, making it hard for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Who is affected?

Mostly people over 40, and it’s more common in men.
Symptoms get worse over time but can be managed with treatment.

Statistics of COPD in the UK:

Affects around 3 million people, with 2 million undiagnosed.
Second most common cause of emergency hospital admissions (around 130,000 per year).
Accounts for around 1.4 million GP consultations per year.
Occupational exposure affects about 15% of the population, leading to around 4,000 deaths per year.

Symptoms of COPD

These are some of the common symptoms associated with COPD, although if you have any concerns that changes in your health could be caused by COPD, you should speak with your GP at the earliest opportunity.

Shortness of breath, even during simple tasks.
A long-term chesty cough with phlegm.
Chest problems needing antibiotics.
Persistent wheezing.
Less common symptoms: weight loss, tiredness, swollen ankles, chest pain, coughing up blood.

When to see a doctor

If you have any of the persistent symptoms highlighted above, especially if you’re over 35 and smoke or used to smoke. The initial first step would be to speak with your GP who will be able to start you on any treatment and potentially refer you onto any Specialist for further testing. Early treatment is crucial to prevent significant lung damage.

Treatments for COPD

There are a number of treatment options available to help with COPD, and what will be effective for you will depend on your symptoms along with other ongoing health issues. Your GP or the Specialist responsible for your care, will be able to discuss and advise a treatment plan specific for your presentation.

Stop smoking – the most important step.
Prescribed inhalers and medicines to ease breathing.
Pulmonary rehabilitation – exercise and education program.
Surgery or lung transplant – for a small number of people.

Living with COPD

There are a number of things which you can include into your daily life to help you manage COPD.

Manage the condition to live a full life, taking one day at a time.
Everyone’s outlook is different; some may have severe limitations, while others manage well.
Avoid triggers like wind, traffic fumes, pollution, and cold damp weather.
Listen to your body – rest when tired and improve sleep.
Regular exercise, maintain a healthy weight, and get immunised against flu and pneumococcus.
Manage stress and anxiety to avoid breathlessness.

Preventing COPD

The most effective way to prevent COPD is to avoid smoking, which will reduce the risk of COPD developing. If you smoke, quitting can prevent further lung damage.

Additional information

Related Posts