What is it?

This is a condition affecting the brain and is caused by a reduction in certain brain cells within the brain called the Substantia Nigra, this leads to a reduction in the chemical dopamine. This chemical plays a vital role in regulating movement in the body.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms are normally mild and develop over a period of time. Symptoms can include the following:

Tremor – shaking, this usually begins in a hand or arm and more likely to occur when a person is resting.
Slowness in movement – physical movements are much slower than normal, making everyday tasks more difficult and can lead to a slow, shuffling walk.
Muscle Stiffness and Tension. This can cause issues with movement, cause painful muscle cramps and even issues with facial expression.

There are also a number of other symptoms that some people with Parkinson’s may experience, including:

Balance issues.

Loss of the sense of smell (Anosmia) – this can sometimes be a symptom that occurs years before any other symptom develops.

Nerve pains.

Difficulties with both urination and constipation.

Dizziness and episodes of fainting.

Excessive sweating.

Swallowing difficulties.

Excess production of saliva.

Problems sleeping.

In addition, the condition can cause mental health issues including Anxiety and Depression.

Mild cognitive issues including memory issues.

It can even lead to Dementia.

Diagnosis

There are no definitive tests to diagnosis Parkinson’s Disease. A doctor will base a diagnosis on medical history, symptoms and a detailed physical history. A GP will refer to a Neurology Specialist where they may also arrange other tests to rule out any other possible causes for the current symptoms.

Treatment

There is no cure for the condition, however there are treatments that can help slow the progression of the condition, relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life.

These can include medication, supportive therapies (e.g. Physiotherapy, Speech and Language Therapy or Occupational Therapy) and, for some people, surgery. The person can also be helped with diet advice.

In addition, treatment for symptoms including Anxiety/Depression or difficulties sleeping and other symptoms.